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Access control - general information.

Accurate and fast identification of people (vehicles) that appear in given area or room is very important part of professional facility management system as well as part of simple system that guards access to single room. Except standard access control function, time registration is becoming more significant i.e. time spent in building by certain person or arrival and departure times of vehicles.

Traditional method based on mechanical lock and keys is extremely time-consuming and troublesome (loosing a key), what makes more advanced access control methods useless.

Electronic access control systems are efficient solution to this problem.

Main task of access control systems regardless of their size and complexity is answering following questions: WHO?, WHERE?, WHEN?.

Complex systems allow many additional functions i.e. guards control, work time registration, communication with monitoring stations, personnel identification by comparison of image stored in systems memory and many more.

There are many solutions that implement such functions. Keeping in mind their complexity we can divide them into several types:
Standalone systems - they service single doorway with possibility of event record (optional)
System devices - they service multiple passages, connected with their own network, through computer or phone line with many additional functions, i.e.:
Mini systems,
Multiple controller systems,
Multiple spread controller systems,
Multiaccess systems.

Primary task of each system is personnel (vehicle) access limitation or control movement of authorized personnel (vehicles) in protected areas.

Secondary task is recording of events that occur in system. Significant events are alarm states that signal door forcing, door popping etc.

Access control - dictionary
Access level - defines user priority. Enables to define which user or group of users is allowed to enter certain room or rooms.
Access group - user groups of same priority and time group.
Reader - device that enables communication (reading) with individual proximity elements .
Standalone system - access control system servicing single doorway.
Complex system - complete system, that includes readers, controllers, communication modules that can supervise multiple doorways, create access levels or time groups for designated users.
Alarm - propped door - exceedance of time limit set for closing door. Usually there is possibility of setting this limit manually.
Alarm - forced door - door has been opened without using valid card or code.
Alarm - duress - special code that opens door and sends silent alarm.
Fail safe - electric lock function, lock is open in case of lack of power.
Fail secure - electric lock function, lock is closed in case of lack of power.